Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Magnetic single-walled carbon nanotubes as efficient drug delivery nanocarriers in breast cancer murine model: noninvasive monitoring using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging as sensitive imaging biomarker

doi: 10.2147/ijn.s75074

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3 SWCNTs biocompatibility assessments. Notes: (A) cell apoptosis (TACS), (B) DNA damage (PARP), and (C) oxidative stress generation (TBARS) of iron-tagged SWCNTs (ie, SWCNT⋅) and CD105 and DOX- conjugated SWCNT⋅ (ie, SWCNT⋅ + CD105 + DOX) incubated with 4T1 tumor cells. *P,0.05 vs SWCNT⋅. Therapeutic efficacy (D) (percentage of photon flux by bioluminescence imaging) of free DOX drugs compared to DOX-loaded SWCNT⋅ (ie, SWCNT⋅ + DOX and SWCNT⋅ + CD105 + DOX) conjugates. Cells were incubated for 2 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, or 72 hours with either SWCNT samples at 2.5 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL, 7.5 μg/mL, or 10 μg/mL or DOX suspensions at corresponding drug loading at 5 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, 15 μg/mL, and 20 μg/mL. *P,0.05 vs DOX. Data expressed as mean ± SD, n=3 per group. Abbreviations: TACS, TiterTACS™ Colorimetric Apoptosis Detection Kit; PARP, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; TBARS, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances; SWCNT, single-walled carbon nanotube; DOX, doxorubicin; SD, standard deviation; OD, optical density; BLI, bioluminescence imaging; h, hours.

Article Snippet: Experiments were conducted to assess the ability of SWCNT complexes to induce apoptosis (TiterTACSTM Colorimetric Apoptosis Detection Kit [TACS; R&D Systems] assay), In te rn at io na l J ou rn al o f N an om ed ic in e do w nl oa de d fr om h ttp s: //w w w .d ov ep re ss .c om / b y 18 5.

Techniques: Incubation, Drug discovery, Imaging, Standard Deviation

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: GSK3β Inhibition Is the Molecular Pivot That Underlies the Mir-210-Induced Attenuation of Intrinsic Apoptosis Cascade during Hypoxia.

doi: 10.3390/ijms23169375

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 7. An illustrated schematic depicting the inhibition of GSK3β kinase activity as the molecular pivot that underlies the miR-210-elicited mitigation of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptosis cascade. miR-210 attenuates the hypoxia-induced GSK3β kinase activity (1) that decreases the hypoxia- induced increase in the abundance of the OMM (outer mitochondrial membrane)-tethered pool of BAX (2). Subsequently, the miR-210-elicited inhibition of the hypoxia-induced increase in GSK3β kinase activity results in a significant decrease in the hypoxia-induced abundance of the OMM- inserted pool of BAX (3) and BAK (4) that constitute the MAC (mitochondrial apoptosis-induced channel). The miR-210-elicited inhibition of the hypoxia-induced increase in GSK3β kinase activity translates into a decrease in the hypoxia-induced abundance of MAC formation that culminates in a commensurate mitigation of the hypoxia-induced increase in Cytochrome C release from the mitochondria into the cytosol (5). The miR-210-evoked GSK3β inhibition-mediated reduction in the hypoxia-induced increase in Cytochrome C release into the cytosol translates into a decrease in the hypoxia-induced caspase-3 activity (6) and the ensuing DFF40 endonuclease activity (7) that culminates in the attenuation of hypoxia-induced apoptotic cell death (8). This illustration was created using BioRender.com (https://app.biorender.com/illustrations/627d566667f7b4db938c909f, accessed on 8 August 2022).

Article Snippet: The magnitude of DNA fragmentation as a morphological hallmark of late apoptosis was determined using an in situ quantitative colorimetric apoptosis detection system “HT TiterTACSTM Apoptosis Detection Kit” from R & D Systems (R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, Catalogue # 4822-96-K), following the manufacturer’s guidelines and well-established contemporary protocols [100–103].

Techniques: Inhibition, Activity Assay, Membrane